Interpreting Essay Questions
The first step with an essay question is to identify what exactly you are being asked to do.
Most essay questions contain directives as to what is required, and the most common ones are defined below. For those we have missed, try looking up the actual word in the dictionary (www.m-w.com).
Account for
Explain, clarify, give reasons.
Analyse
Resolve into component parts. Examine critically and minutely.
Assess
Determine the value of, weigh up (similar to evaluate).
Compare
Look for similarities and differences between, perhaps reach conclusions about which is preferable Contrast Set in opposition in order to bring out the differences.
Criticise
Make judgments (backed by the discussion of the evidence or reasoning involved).
Define
State the exact meaning of a word or phrase. In some cases it may be necessary or desirable to examine different possible meanings or often used definitions.
Describe
Give a detailed or graphic account.
Discuss
Explain, then give two or more sides of the issue and any implications.
Evaluate
Make an appraisal of the worth or validity or effectiveness of something in the light of its truth or usefulness (similar to assess).
Explain
Make plain, interpret and account for, give reasons.
How far..?
Determine to what extent - usually this requires looking at evidence or arguments for or against, and weighing them up.
Illustrate
Make clear and explicit. Use carefully chosen examples.
Interpret
Explain the meaning of, make clear and explicit, usually giving judgment.
Justify
Show adequate grounds for decisions or conclusions, answer the main objection likely to be made about them.
Outline
Give the main features or general principles of the subject, omitting minor details and emphasising structure and argument (similar to summarise).
State
Present in a brief, clear form.
Summarise
Give a concise, clear explanation or account of - present the chief factors and omit minor details and examples (similar to outline).
(Source: Open University : Assessment Guide 1, W100